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The efficient operation of motion transmission devices depends on high-quality lubrication conditions. Insufficient lubrication is a common and serious source of failure in mechanical transmission systems, which may have a profound impact on the performance, life and safety of the equipment. The failure or insufficiency of the lubrication system will lead to many negative consequences, which are specifically manifested in the following aspects.
First, insufficient lubrication will significantly increase the friction coefficient between components, thereby reducing transmission efficiency and causing a significant increase in mechanical energy loss. The increase in friction coefficient not only makes power transmission unsmooth, but also leads to increased mechanical vibration and noise, affecting the normal working environment of the equipment. The increase in mechanical vibration may even cause resonance, aggravate fatigue damage of components, and thus shorten the service life of the equipment.
The direct consequence of poor lubrication is the increase in friction and wear. The core function of lubricants is to form an effective oil film to reduce direct metal contact between components, thereby reducing the wear rate. However, when lubrication is insufficient, the oil film may become thinner or even completely rupture, resulting in an increase in the metal contact area between the friction surfaces and a significantly accelerated wear rate. This intensified wear will cause dimensional changes in key components such as gears, bearings and chains, affect the accuracy and stability of the transmission, and even cause local metal fatigue and cracks, which may cause component breakage in severe cases. Under high-speed and high-load conditions, the wear problem caused by poor lubrication is particularly prominent, which can easily cause the failure of the transmission system and even cause the sudden shutdown of the equipment.
In addition, poor lubrication can also cause overheating of parts. During the friction process, mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy. The presence of lubricants helps to dissipate heat and maintain the parts within a reasonable temperature range. However, insufficient lubrication or poor lubricant quality will lead to heat accumulation and local temperature increase, which will affect the viscosity and lubrication performance of the lubricant. Excessive temperature not only accelerates the oxidation and deterioration of the lubricant, forming sludge and sediment, further hindering the lubrication effect, but also may cause thermal expansion of metal materials, resulting in deformation and dislocation of parts, increasing mechanical vibration and wear, and even causing local melting or ablation. In severe cases, it may cause permanent damage to parts.
Poor lubrication can also significantly reduce the transmission efficiency of motion transmission devices. The increase in friction resistance means that more energy is needed to overcome friction, resulting in a decrease in energy utilization and an increase in operating costs. In industrial production, the increase in energy consumption of the transmission system not only affects the economic benefits of the enterprise, but may also cause premature aging of equipment and shorten the overall life of the equipment. In addition, insufficient lubrication may also cause abnormal vibration and noise in the machinery, affecting the smooth operation of the equipment, and even transmitting the vibration to other mechanical parts, causing chain failures.
Finally, poor lubrication can also lead to contamination and corrosion of the lubrication system. Lubricants absorb dust, metal chips and other impurities in the air during operation. Insufficient lubrication will make it easier for these pollutants to enter the friction surface, aggravating wear and corrosion. Oxidation and deterioration of lubricating oil may also form acidic substances, corrode the metal surface, and reduce the corrosion resistance of parts. This corrosion not only weakens the mechanical strength of parts, but also may cause crack expansion and early failure, seriously affecting the reliability of equipment.
